Античная Япония.
01
The Bund or Kaigandori. The office of the Canadian Pacific Steamships (left), was located on 1 Kaigandori from 1915 (possibly 1914) through 1927
02
Benten-dori in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. During the Meiji Period (1868-1912), this was Yokohama’s premier shopping street. Foreign visitors came here to buy porcelain, curios, ivory, silk and photographs. The building with the clock tower belonged to the watch and clock merchant Kawakita Naozo Shoten (河北直蔵商店). Completed in 1894 (Meiji 27), it was for many years the street’s most important landmark.
03
The Post Office on Honcho-dori in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. It was designed by Nanajiro Sadate (左立七次郎) in 1889 (Meiji 22) and made of brick. A bicyclist is visible on the street.
04
Osaka City Hall and Yodoyabashi Bridge in Nakanoshima, Osaka. Built between 1918 (Taisho 7) and 1921 (Taisho 10), it was designed by representative Meiji Era architects like Yasushi Kataoka, Hikotaro Imabayashi and others, who followed an original design by Yokichi Ogawa. Starting in 1982 (Showa 57) it was gradually torn down and in 1986 (Showa 61) it was replaced by a modern building. The Japan Central Bank, of which a small part can be seen on the left, still stands today.
05
The Teikoku Gekijo (帝国劇場, Imperial Theater) in Tokyo. Also known as the Imperial Garden Theater, it was founded in 1910 (Meiji 43) and completed in 1911 (Meiji 44). The theater was Japan’s first Western-style theater staging the country’s first non-Japanese theater programs. It was designed by Tamisuke Yokogawa (横河民輔, 1864–1945) and located in the Marunouchi district across from the Imperial Palace. It was devastated by the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 (Taisho 12). After a complete rebuilding, it was reopened in 1924 (Taisho 13). The building was finally replaced in 1966
06
Hanayashiki in Asakusa (浅草花やしき), Tokyo, opened as a flower park in 1853 (Kaei 6). As a popular amusement center it included tea shops, entertainment and animal exhibits. In 1949 (Showa 24) it became an amusement park operated by the Togo Company. In January 2004 (Heisei 16) Togo declared bankruptcy and sold Hanayashiki to Bandai, a Japanese toy company.
07
Rakutenchi, an amusement park in Sennichimae, Osaka that did business between 1914 and 1930. Rakutenchi featured theaters, entertainment and all kinds of other leisure. During the Taisho Period it was one of Osaka’s most fashionable and well-known places.
08
The Imperial Houses of the Diet in Tokyo. The Imperial Diet established by the Meiji constitution in 1889 was Japan’s first modern legislature. It consisted of a House of Representatives, directly elected, and a House of Peers, consisting of high ranking nobles. The Imperial Diet Building was constructed in Hibiya Uchisaiwaicho. Soon after its completion, it burned down. The second building was erected at the same location, but it burnt down in 1925 (Taisho 14). The third temporary Diet building, pictured here, was completed in December of that year. It was used until the current National Diet Building was completed in November 1936
09
This postcard shows the second Osaka Station in Umeda, Osaka City. The large white sign above the cars, says Osaka Takushi Jidosha KK, the Osaka branch of Japan’s first taxi company. Opened in July 1901 (Meiji 34), the Gothic style building was two stories high and built of granite, giving it a massive and imposing look. It became one of the city’s three must-see tourist attractions.
10
The Akasaka Imperial Detached Palace in Tokyo was built on the land formerly owned by the Owari Domain which presented it to the Imperial Household after the Meiji Restoration. Constructed between 1899 and 1909 as a residence for the Crown Prince, the Neo-baroque structure was designed by Tokuma Katayama, a student of Josiah Conder. It was originally named Togu Palace (Palace for the Crown Prince) but later renamed Akasaka Imperial Detached Palace. Regent Crown Prince Hirohito lived here from September 1923 till September 1928. Since 1974, the palace is used an official guest house of the state.
11
Onoecho-dori (尾上町道り, occasionally transliterated as Onouecho-dori), Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. The photographer pointed his camera towards Bashamichi-dori. Two streetcars can be seen. Streetcars ran in Yokohama from 1904 (Meiji 37) through 1972 (Showa 47). Locals called them Chin Chin Densha (ちんちん電車).
The first line on Onoecho was opened in 1904 (Meji 38), it made the curve that is visible on this image. A split off to Bandobashi was opened in 1911 (Meiji 44), effectively dating this image to the 1910s, as everything seen in this photo was destroyed in the Kanto Great Earthquake of 1923. The domed building is the Toyou Ginko Bank. It opened on Onoecho 5-chome on December 15, 1907 (Meiji 40), The tower in the back is the Yokohama Shiloh Church (横浜指路教会), established in 1874. American doctor and missionary James Curtis Hepburn (1815-1911) played a major role in the creation of this church.
12
Yokohama Station in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture was a terminal station on Japan’s very first railroad, opened on June 12, 1872 (Meiji 5). The station was designed by American architect Richard P. Bridgens (ブリジェンス) who in 1864 (Genji 1) had come to Japan from San Francisco. Active as an architect in Yokohama and Tokyo, Bridgens’ influence on western architecture in the two cities cannot be overstated. Besides Yokohama Station and its twin, Shinbashi Station, he designed many other buildings that played important roles during the Meiji Period.
13
The Teikoku Gekijo (帝国劇場, Imperial Theater) in Tokyo. Also known as the Imperial Garden Theater, it was founded in 1910 (Meiji 43) and completed in 1911 (Meiji 44). The theater was Japan’s first Western-style theater staging the country’s first non-Japanese theater programs. It was designed by Tamisuke Yokogawa (横河民輔, 1864–1945) and located in the Marunouchi district across from the Imperial Palace. It was devastated by the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 (Taisho 12). After a complete rebuilding, it was reopened in 1924 (Taisho 13). The building was finally replaced in 1966
14
Bashamichi in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. The road was built after a large fire had devastated the area in 1866. Because foreigners passed through in their carriages (basha), the street was called Bashamichi (Carriage Road). The street featured many gift and souvenir shops, the owners of which planted pine and willow trees to beautify the street. These were the first road side trees planted in Japan. Bashamichi had other firsts. In 1862, Japan’s first photo studio was opened here by Renjo Shimooka. In 1869, Fusazo Machida opened Japan’s first ice cream store here. And in 1872, Japan’s first gas lamps were installed on this street. The large building in the back is the headquarters of the former Yokohama Shokin Bank (Specie Bank), constructed in 1904. It still exists and has been designated an important cultural property. It currently houses the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History, introducing Kanagawa’s
15
Kobe Assembly Hall.
16
The Bund or Kaigandori in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture.
17
Hyogo Prefectural Office in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture. This French Renaissance style building was designed by renowned architect Hanroku Yamaguchi. Completed in 1902, it was the fourth government building built in Hyogo Prefecture. Only the exterior walls survived the firebombing of WWII, but the building was reopened as Hyogo House, a prefectural building used for conferences, meetings, memorial services and receiving important visitors.
18
Monument of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536 or 1537-1598), one of the three unifiers of Japan, in front of Osaka Library at Nakanoshima Park, Osaka. The statue was originally erected at Osaka Castle in 1903 (Meiji 36), but moved to the location on Nakanoshima soon after. In 1943 (Showa 18) it was melted down for the war effort. A new statue was created in 2007 (Heisei 19) by sculptor Shinya Nakamura (中村晋也, 1926). It stands at Osaka’s Hokoku Jinja Shrine at Osaka Castle. Interestingly, this shrine originally stood in Nakanoshima as well. It was completed there in 1879 (Meiji 12) after an 1868 (Meiji 1) order of the then brand new Emperor Meiji. The shrine was moved to its current location in 1961
19
A boat navigates the Kizugawa River in front of Osaka Prefectural Office, Osaka. During the Meiji (1868-1912) and Taisho (1912-1926) periods, Osaka’s Prefectural Office was located on the small island of Enokojima, between the Kizugawa River and the Hyakkenbori Canal. Completed in July 1874 (Meiji 7), the gorgeous Neo-Renaissance style building featured a dome on top. In 192
20
The Yokohama Customs House in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. The building was designed by American architect Richard P. Bridgens who in 1864 (Genji 1) had come to Japan from San Francisco. It was used from 1873 until the early 1910s.
21
Located in the Marunouchi business district of Tokyo, near the Imperial Palace grounds and the Ginza commercial district, the building was designed by architect Kingo Tatsuno (辰野金吾, 1854–1919) to celebrate Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War. He patterned the domes, destroyed during the firebombings of 1945 (Showa 20), after Amsterdam’s central station. The station was completed on December 18, 1914
22
Tsutenkaku Tower at Shinsekai in Tennoji, Osaka. Inspired by the Eiffel Tower, the tower was built in 1912 at Shinsekai Luna Park. It was one of the most popular tourist attractions in Osaka. In 1943 the tower was dismantled, melted down and used for war material. Advertising can be seen for Lion, a manufacturer, founded in 1918, of detergent, soap, medications, and toiletries.
23
A streetcar passes by Babasaki in the Marunouchi district in Tokyo, looking towards Yurakucho from the Imperial Palace. Because of its many red brick buildings, the street was popularly known as “Londontown.” The building on the left is the Bankers’ Club. In 1918, the Kaijo Hoken Building was erected here. On the right, part of the Metropolitan Police Board is visible. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Marunouchi was filled with the estates of regional daimyo (powerful feudal ruler). After the Shogunate fell in 1868, their estates were appropriated by the Meiji regime. It was eventually sold to the Iwasaki family, which founded Mitsubishi. This family erected the first buildings in Marunouchi in 1894, including the Mitsubishi headquarters. When Tokyo Station opened in 1914, right at the edge of Marunouchi, the area boomed. By 1922, more than 30% of Japan’s largest companies were located here.
24
The Post Office on Honcho-dori in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. It was designed by Nanajiro Sadate (左立七次郎) in 1889 (Meiji 22) and made of brick. A rickshaw and cart are visible on the street.
Honcho-dori is also called Honmachi-dori in some sources. Maps of the time, however, use Honcho-dori.
25
Tokyo Station in the 1950s. Located in the Marunouchi business district of Tokyo, near the Imperial Palace grounds and the Ginza commercial district, the building was designed by architect Kingo Tatsuno (辰野金吾, 1854–1919) to celebrate Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War. The station was completed on December 18, 1914 (Taisho 3), and opened on the 20th. In this postcard, the new roof that replaced the original dome can be seen.
26
Tsutenkaku Tower at Shinsekai in Tennoji, Osaka, seen from Ebisu. Inspired by the Eiffel Tower, the tower was built in 1912 at Shinsekai Luna Park. It was one of the most popular tourist attractions in Osaka. In 1943 the tower was dismantled, melted down and used for war material.
27
This postcard of around 1907 shows two important buildings on the Bund in Oura-Sagarimatsu. The large white building is the Nagasaki branch of the Hongkong Shanghai Bank (current HSBC), designed by Kikutaro Shimoda (1866-1931) and completed in 1905. The brown building on the right is the Nagasaki Hotel. At that time, they were right on the edge of Nagasaki harbor and just a short walking distance away from Deshima (also: Dejima) island.
28
The Teikoku Hotel (Imperial Hotel) designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, in Tokyo. The first Teikoku Hotel was opened on November 20, 1890. It was destroyed by fire on April 16, 1922. On September 1, 1923, the building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright was opened. That building was torn down in 1968. The current Teikoku Hotel doesn’t have the grace and elegance of its two predessors, but it still stands on the same location.
Because of the type of printing used, this image doesn’t look good beyond postcard size.
29
Yokohama Shokin Ginko (横浜正金銀行, Yokohama Specie Bank) located on Bashamichi-dori in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. Founded in 1880, it became The Bank of Tokyo, Ltd. in 1947. The Yokohama Specie Bank played a very important role in Japanese trade with China. The building on this image was designed by Japanese architect Yorinaka Tsumaki (妻木頼黄, 1859-1916). It survived the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and now houses the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History
30
Mitsui Bank in Tokyo. The steel frame enforced brick building was designed by Tamisuke Yokokawa and completed in 1902 (Meiji 35). It was damaged by the Great kanto Earthquake of 1923 (Taisho 12).
The company was originally founded as Echigoya by Mitsui Takatoshi (1622–1694) in Mie prefecture. In 1683, the company purchased a money exchange. By the early 1870s, the new Meiji government had entrusted so much money to Mitsui that it was basically a state treasury. On July 1, 1876 (Meiji 9), the company founded Japan’s first private bank, Mitsui Bank. The bank survives as the Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation.
31
The front entrance of the Osaka Hotel in Nakanoshima, Osaka. The Osaka Hotel was Osaka’s premier Western hotel. It opened in 1881 (Meiji 14) as the Jiyutei Hotel (自由亭ホテル). In 1895 (Meiji 28) it was renamed the Osaka Hotel. It boasted electric light, steam heating as well as English speaking personnel. In (Meiji 34), during construction for remodeling, the hotel burned down. It was replaced in 1903 (Meiji 36) by the building in this image. But in 1924 (Taisho 13) this building was destroyed by fire, too. It was not rebuild again.
32
Kyoto Station in Kyoto. Kyoto was first connected by railway to Osaka and Kobe in September 5, 1876 (Meiji 9), but the city’s terminal station wasn’t officially opened until February 5, 1877 (Meiji 10). The building on this postcard is the second Kyoto Station, opened in 1914
33
The Oriental Hotel Kobe on Kaigandori in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture. The Oriental Hotel was Kobe’s face for more than a hundred years. At the time that this photo was taken, it was known as one of the best places in Japan to stay, and even more, one of the best places to eat. It was founded by Frenchman Louis Begeux in 1887 (Meiji 20) on number 81 (Kyomachi). In 1907 (Meiji 40), the building moved to the location on this card.
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